电锯惊魂

二 |     TOKYO -- Japan's exports climbed 4.3% in September from a year earlier as shipments of vehicles, machinery and electronics rose while imports of oil and gas fell sharply, the government said Thursday.Exports totaled 9.2 trillion yen ($61 billion) in September while imports fell 16.3% from the year before to 10.9 trillion yen ($72 billion), according to provisional customs data released Thursday. That left a positive balance of 62.4 trillion yen ($410 billion), the first monthly trade surplus in three months.September's increase in exports was the biggest gain since March and was stronger than analysts had expected. The figures suggest strong activity in Japan's vital manufacturing sector despite faltering global demand. Economists said the drop in imports was mainly due to base effects from the year before.In the first half of Japan’s fiscal year, from April-September, exports edged up just 1.4% from a year earlier, to a record 50.2 trillion yen ($330 billion) while the trade deficit shrank by three-quarters to 2.7 trillion yen ($18 billion). Trade with the rest of Asia has weakened in the past half-year, with a drop in exports of computer chips and semiconductor making equipment taking a toll on exports to China.“The global electronics slump seems like it is continuing with semiconductor equipment down 14.5%, contributing to a decline in exports to China, the biggest destination of IT products,” ING Economics said in a report. Shipments to the U.S. and Europe rose, mainly thanks to strong sales of autos and auto parts, which jumped nearly 24%. Exports of electrical equipment surged 17% and exports of machinery were up 18%. Japan's imports of oil fell 28% in April-September from a year earlier, while imports of liquefied natural gas sank almost 38% and imports of coal plunged 37%.。起因是她在一档网络谈话节目中，谈及灵活就业群体时称，“从劳动经济学角度看，灵活性本身就是一种福利。

三 | 他们不像我们朝九晚五固定上班，虽然我们的工作有五险一金等保障，但那是用时间与自由换来的”……此言一出，质疑声四起。

四 | 质疑者认为她站着说话不腰疼，“把没有选择说成了自由”，甚至建议她主动去享受一下灵活就业的“福利”。应该说，学者的个别言辞一旦以“金句”姿态进入大众语境，尤其是开放的舆论场，是极易被放大乃至被误读的。因为学者的学术研究本身比较专业，与观点的大众传播实际上是两个不同的“场域”，经常会产生“摩擦”。具体到张丹丹的言论，单独拿出来看，确实刺耳，不那么中听。

五 | 诚然，许多灵活就业者即便享有了时间上的灵活性，也依然缺乏足够的安全感；更何况，这种“灵活”对相当一部分人来说并非主动选择，而是别无选择的被动接纳。基于此，张丹丹的话受到网友质疑，并不意外。但是，看完完整视频就会知道，张丹丹在对话中也谈到了一个事实，“（灵活就业群体）有些人是主动选择灵活就业；有些人则是没得选，因为找不到一份带有劳动合同、五险一金的稳定工作。

六 | ”此外，她坦言：“零工群体的收入差异很大，有上万的，也有几千甚至几百的，他们有相当大的自由发挥空间，收入情况很不一样。”其实，只要稍微了解张丹丹的学术轨迹，特别是她十余年来的研究视野，就不难发现，她长期关注基层劳动者，致力于为灵活就业者和新就业形态群体发声。比如，她曾研究“零工、平台用工与AI时代劳动市场”。打开北大国发研究院官网，可发现她撰写的《零工就业，如何在灵活与保障之间寻求新平衡》，其中建议：可探索“非捆绑式”参保方案，允许零工按需选择医疗、工伤等单项保险，而非强制缴纳五险一金；对高流动群体适当放宽参保基数或缴费门槛，并进一步推动跨区域缴费和接续，减少重复缴纳或因频繁换工作、换城市而出现的“社保断档”现象。张丹丹接受采访时表示，以骑手这一群体来说的话，是否可以根据不同的收入水平调整社保缴纳的比例或给予补贴；也可考虑适当降低缴费基数，优先覆盖骑手群体最迫切的保障需求。

七 | 如此种种，都说明张丹丹长期以来都是在为灵活就业群体争取权益的，更无轻视新就业形态群体之意。如果只揪住一句被剪出的话不放，未必客观，也不全面。对张丹丹可以批评，但不宜演变为对个人的“围剿”；学者的表达可以商榷，但其长期的学术付出不应被一句“金句”抹杀。如何让算法有温度、让协商有通道、让劳动者靠双手赢得体面与尊严，这些更是此番争议背后，更值得大家共同求解的真问题。近年来，国家高度重视灵活就业劳动者的权益保障。从健全灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员社会保险制度，到鼓励支持灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员参加职工保险，再到新就业形态人员职业伤害保障试点全面推开……一系列制度设计稳步推进，目的正是让灵活就业人员和新就业形态人员获得更坚实保障。目前，我国灵活就业人员规模已超过2亿人，他们风里来、雨里去，用辛勤和汗水支撑着许多行业的发展进步。让每一位劳动者，无论“灵活”与否，都能在奋斗中看见保障的灯光，在奔波中感受尊严的重量，这应是大家要形成的共识。作者：秦川